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Referenser och regelverk

    Innehållet är grundat på beprövad erfarenhet, lagar, regelverk, nationella riktlinjer och med stöd från relevanta vetenskapliga studier.  

    Referenser

    1. Acosta S, Frykholm P, Granath A, Hammarskjöld F, Lindgren S, Lindwall R et al. Riktlinjer för central venkateterisering. Svensk förening för anestesi och intensivvård (SFAI); 2018.
    2. Velasquez Reyes DC, Bloomer M, Morphet J. Prevention of central venous line associated bloodstream infections in adult intensive care units: A systematic review. Intensive Crit Care Nurs. 2017;
    3. Pronovost P. Interventions to decrease catheter-related bloodstream infections in the ICU: the Keystone Intensive Care Unit Project. Am J Infect Control. 2008;36(10):S171.e1-5.
    4. Bianco A, Coscarelli P, Nobile CG, Pileggi C, Pavia M. The reduction of risk in central line-associated bloodstream infections: knowledge, attitudes, and evidence-based practices in health care workers. Am J Infect Control. 2013;41(2):107-12.
    5. Folkhälsomyndigheten. Att förebygga vårdrelaterade infektioner: ett kunskapsunderlag. Stockholm: Socialstyrelsen; 2006. [citerad 2023-08-16];
    6. Tanner J, Norrie P, Melen K. Preoperative hair removal to reduce surgical site infection. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011;9(11):
    7. Global Guidelines for the Prevention of Surgical Site Infection, second edition. Geneva: World Health Organization WHO Guidelines Approved by the Guidelines Review Committee.. 2018;Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO:
    8. Evidence review for the effectiveness of skin antiseptics in the prevention of surgical site infection. NICE guideline NG125. Surgical site infection: prevention and treatment. [B]; April 2019.
    9. Fass. Klorhexidinsprit Fresenius Kabi. Stockholm: Läkemedelsindustriföreningen (LIF); 2023.
    10. Hammarskjold F, Linder LE, Larsson B, Jertborn M. Infektion en fruktad komplikation till användning av central venkateter : motiverat att påminna om vikten av god aseptik. Läkartidningen. 2001;98(34):3510-4.
    11. Stinner DJ, Krueger CA, Masini BD, Wenke JC. Time-dependent effect of chlorhexidine surgical prep. J Hosp Infect. 2011;79(4):313-6.
    12. Price PB. Ethyl alcohol as a germicid. Arch Surg. 1939;38(3):528-42.
    13. Langgartner J, Linde HJ, Lehn N, Reng M, Scholmerich J, Gluck T. Combined skin disinfection with chlorhexidine/propanol and aqueous povidone-iodine reduces bacterial colonisation of central venous catheters. Intensive Care Med. 2004;30(6):1081-8.
    14. Mimoz O, Villeminey S, Ragot S, Dahyot-Fizelier C, Laksiri L, Petitpas F, et al. Chlorhexidine-based antiseptic solution vs alcohol-based povidone-iodine for central venous catheter care. Arch Intern Med. 2007;167(19):2066-7;167(19):2066-72.
    15. O'Grady NP, Alexander M, Burns LA, Dellinger EP, Garland J, Heard SO, et al. Guidelines for the prevention of intravascular catheter-related infections. Atlanta: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC); 2011.
    16. Chlebicki MP, Safdar N, O'Horo JC, Maki DG. Preoperative chlorhexidine shower or bath for prevention of surgical site infection: a meta-analysis. Am J Infect Control. 2013;41(2):167-73.
    17. Moureau NL, Flynn J. Disinfection of Needleless Connector Hubs: Clinical Evidence Systematic Review. Nurs Res Pract. 2015;
    18. Slater K, Cooke M, Fullerton F, Whitby M, Hay J, Lingard S, Douglas J, Rickard CM. Peripheral intravenous catheter needleless connector decontamination study-Randomized controlled trial. Am J Infect Control. 2020;48(9):1013-1018.
    19. Safdar N, Fine JP, Maki DG. Meta-analysis: methods for diagnosing intravascular device-related bloodstream infection. Ann Intern Med. 2005;142(6):451-66.
    20. Hammarskjöld F, Berg S, Hanberger H, Taxbro K, Malmvall BE. Sustained low incidence of central venous catheter-related infections over six years in a Swedish hospital with an active central venous catheter team. Am J Infect Control. 2014;42(2):122-8.
    21. Raad I, Hanna HA, Alakech B, Chatzinikolaou I, Johnson MM, Tarrand J. Differential time to positivity: a useful method for diagnosing catheter-related bloodstream infections. Ann Intern Med. 2004;140(1):18-25.
    22. Mermel LA, Allon M, Bouza E, Craven DE, Flynn P, O'Grady NP, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of intravascular catheter-related infection: 2009 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2009;49(1):1-45.
    23. Timsit JF, Baleine J, Bernard L, Calvino-Gunther S, Darmon M, Dellamonica J, et al. Expert consensus-based clinical practice guidelines management of intravascular catheters in the intensive care unit. Annals of Intensive Care. 2020;10(1):118.
    24. Hammarskjold F, Wallen G, Malmvall BE. Central venous catheter infections at a county hospital in Sweden: a prospective analysis of colonization, incidence of infection and risk factors. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2006;50(4):451-60.
    25. Pittiruti M, Bertoglio S, Scoppettuolo G, Biffi R, Lamperti M, Dal Molin A, Panocchia N, Petrosillo N, Venditti M, Rigo C, DeLutio E. Evidence-based criteria for the choice and the clinical use of the most appropriate lock solutions for central venous catheters (excluding dialysis catheters): a GAVeCeLT consensus. J Vasc Access. 2016;17(6):453-464.
    26. Goossens GA, Jérôme M, Janssens C, Peetermans WE, Fieuws S, Moons P, Verschakelen J, Peerlinck K, Jacquemin M, Stas M. Comparing normal saline versus diluted heparin to lock non-valved totally implantable venous access devices in cancer patients: a randomised, non-inferiority, open trial. Ann Oncol. 2013;24(7):1892-9.
    27. Mitchell MD, Anderson BJ, Williams K, Umscheid CA. Heparin flushing and other interventions to maintain patency of central venous catheters: a systematic review. J Adv Nurs. 2009;65:2007-2021.
    28. Zhong L, Wang H-L, Xu B, Yuan Y, Wang X, Zhang Y-Y, Ji L, Pan Z-M, Hu Z-S. Normal saline versus heparin for patency of central venous catheters in adult patients - a systematic review and meta-analysis. Critical care. 2017;21:5.

    Regelverk

    Revideringsdatum:
    2024-01-31
    Författare:
    Karin Johansson, specialistsjuksköterska intensivvård, fil.mag. omvårdnad, Operations- och intensivvårdskliniken, Länssjukhuset Ryhov, Jönköping
    Faktagranskare:
    Pär Lindgren, chefläkare, Anestesikliniken, Centrallasarettet, Växjö
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